Manual agricultural labor remains physically demanding and is associated with high rates of musculoskeletal disorders, chronic fatigue, and reduced productivity, particularly in harvesting, planting, weeding, and material handling operations. The global decline in agricultural workforce availability and the aging demographic of farm workers necessitate innovative technological interventions to sustain food production systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of exoskeleton technology-enabled assistive systems designed to enhance manual farm labor efficiency, improve ergonomic safety, and promote sustainable agricultural productivity. The article examines passive and active exoskeleton platforms, their biomechanical principles of load reduction and motion assistance, and human-machine interaction frameworks tailored for agricultural environments. Key applications include support systems for repetitive bending, lifting, overhead work, and prolonged standing tasks across various farming operations. Evidence from field trials demonstrates significant reductions in muscle activation, postural stress, and perceived exertion while improving task completion rates. However, challenges related to cost-effectiveness, environmental adaptability, user acceptance, and integration with precision agriculture technologies remain. Future developments emphasize lightweight materials, intelligent control systems, and multifunctional designs to accelerate adoption and contribute to resilient, worker-centered agricultural systems.