The rapid proliferation of digital agriculture, encompassing precision farming, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and artificial intelligence (AI), has transformed agricultural production into a data-intensive enterprise. While these technologies promise enhanced sustainability and productivity, they generate vast amounts of sensitive data, raising critical concerns regarding ownership, privacy, and control—collectively termed data sovereignty. This article examines the urgent need for robust ethical and governance models to manage agricultural data responsibly. The aim is to analyze and propose frameworks that safeguard stakeholder rights, particularly those of farmers, within the digital ecosystem. The study delves into core ethical principles such as fairness, transparency, accountability, and informed consent, which must underpin data collection and usage. It further evaluates governance structures, including technical standards, access control mechanisms, and policy instruments at national and international levels, designed to enforce data sovereignty and security. Key applications in responsible data management are discussed, focusing on secure precision agriculture operations, trustworthy AI decision-support systems, and equitable value-sharing models. The conclusion underscores that integrating these ethical and governance frameworks is not merely a regulatory compliance issue but a foundational prerequisite for achieving sustainable, equitable, and socially acceptable digital transformation in agriculture. Ensuring farmer-centric data governance is essential for fostering trust, encouraging adoption, and realizing the long-term sustainability benefits of digital farming technologies.